Okay penetrating oil will not work period. The oil swells the dirt and rust forming a seal off area.
Try this instead provided you have not beating beating the shaft where the screw goes.
- Get a schedule 40 3/4 PCV coupler.
- Cut it nearly in nearly leaving leave the center stop intact.
- Now here is the tricky and heat maybe needed, drive the end with the stop ring on the rim standoff. Heat will soften the plastic but use no more necessary. You are wanting a very tight fit.
- Turn rim and if necessary the mower up where this becomes a cup.
- Fill with with 2 cycle fuel mix and let soak in. You may need to refill the cup a few times.
- This usually loosen the rust up.
- If this don't work the last resort is to try Muriatic Acid. It will eat away the rust. Just got get the past swelled rust area. Careful don't breathe the fumes. It can take your breathe away. Also don't get it on anything aluminum. Once the rim is off neutralize the acid with water and immediately oil things to prevent flash rusting.
Note this may or may not work but is worth a try.