Which belt did you fit ?
Toro , quality after market or cheapy off evilbay ?
How long was it on there ?
What sort of ground are you mowing over , sandy , gravely , muddy, lots of sticks, etc,etc ?
That particular belt should have an easy life as it it always under the same tension and running at almost the same speed, a far easier life than say your car's fan belt.
check for debris stuck in the grooves as previously mentioned also check the bearing in the tension pulley and arm.
Check all the mounting bolts for the pumps & engine for looseness
Finally have a good look at the tension spring there are a few places it can be anchored to and if too tight it will destroy the belt in no time flat.