Start by inspecting the belt routing making sure the belt is not rubbing on anything and is seated properly in all "V" grooves. Next, remove the belt and turn each pulley/sheave by hand while listening and feeling for a grinding noise. Sometimes I have to raise the mower to gain access from beneath the deck so I can hold the blade while rocking it to feel for excess play in a spindle bearing. Don't neglect to check the idler pulley and tension pulley. The above is a quick and simple check of the rotating parts and assemblies.
There could also be accumulated grass or foreign debris stuck under the deck. While you are under there check the blades to make sure one isn't bent and/or hitting a baffle.
Replacing an engine usually doesn't change anything in the deck. If you do find a worn bearing on one of the deck components then the dealer is not at fault, it was just coincidence.
I have replaced several idler pulleys on Timecutter's this year so it's not out of the ordinary. Report back with what you find.