Hello kmills74,
Quit shot gunning parts without understanding what you are doing. It just creates confusion and often more problems than it ever began with.
Fuel, Air, Compression and Spark are the basic needs for these engines to run.
The last possibility on a rider would be a sheared flywheel key. That would be an issue with a push mower if you hit something hard to make the engine suddenly stop. Exception: If the flywheel has been off recently and was not retightened correctly when installed.
This is a 19.5 B&S single cylinder, so the most likely issue is the valves have not been adjusted. With all the earlier events, the engine could have popped an intake rocker pushrod out of place and created the no start condition.
Sounds far-fetched, but I've seen it happen more than once when the valves have not been kept adjusted at least once every couple of seasons. (Or never adjusted at all)
A quick test for compression would be to pull the spark plug and stick your thumb firmly over the hole. Make sure the plug wire is out of the way to avoid a shock from the coil. Then have someone crank the motor briefly. If the valves are working properly, your thumb will be forced from the hole with considerable pressure.
If there is only slight pressure felt, the intake valve has likely popped off and no compression is being produced.
This would mean to sit down and watch a couple of You Tube videos about adjusting valves on one of these B&S single cylinder engines BEFORE you remove the valve cover.
Let us know what you find.