It consist of a weight, and return spring and a rod that bumps the intake valve off slightly just before TDC to drop the compression down when cranking to assist the starter to turn the engine over. It then moves out of the way to allow full compression while running. The problem is the weight breaks off and will end up in the bottom of the engine sump and without it working the compression is too high for the starter to crank the engine past compression stroke.
Very known common problem and I have personally been waiting on a backordered camshaft since April for a customers mower.