Welcome to the forum! I have an old Model 68. They're a great mower. When you say "blade", yours must be a 30" single blade model. Mine is a 34" (two 17" blades). Besides an owner's manual, you should try and find a parts book on eBay. However you can also see that stuff on-line by going to
Residential Equipment Parts The parts are getting scarce now, but many have been superseded by newer parts that work.
As for getting the blade off, too bad the bolt has been rounded off. You should get a new one and the washer, if you don't have them already. It's a regular RH thread. Try using a big pipe wrench. Be sure to use grease anti-seize when you put the new one in. You can sharpen the blade in place, especially a single one, by just tilting the mower up on the discharge side and going in with an angle grinder with a cut-off disk.
Last summer I thought the axle had broken on mine and I'd have to scrap it. My neighbour was replacing his Honda rear engine rider at the time, so I bought it off him. Meanwhile I found that it was just a broken weld on the rear axle flange and welded it, so now I have two riders I use alternately. I go clockwise with the JD using a home-made mulch plate and CCW with the Honda.